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RAD contains thin silicon detectors that record the ionizationenergy loss of energetic charged particles.
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Transport physics is governed by two types of interactions, electromagnetic ( ionizationenergy loss) and nuclear.
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The search uses the muonlike penetration and anomalously high ionizationenergy loss signature expected for such a particle to discriminate it from backgrounds.
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Hence, armor designers look for materials with as many electrons per nucleus as possible to maximize the ionizationenergy pulled out of the opposing beam.
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The measured ionizationenergies provide well-defined benchmarks for electronic structure calculations.